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Alberta. Department of Education

  • Primary Agency
  • 1905-1999

After the province was founded in 1905, the Alberta Department of Education continued the Department of Education of the previous North-West Territories government which operated under the School Ordinance (North-West Territories Ordinances, 1901, c.29, s.1). In 1922, the Department of Education Act (R.S.A. 1922, c. 16) and the School Act (R.S.A. 1922, c. 51) repealed and superseded the School Ordinance.

The Department of Education was dissolved on May 27, 1999 by Order in Council 243/1999 under the authority of the Government Organization Act (S.A. 1994, c. G–8.5).

Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Power Corporation

  • GA 103
  • Primary Agency
  • 1949-

Saskatchewan Power Corporation was established as the province's electric utility by notice under the Crown Corporations Act, 1947. Under this notice, the mandate to manufacture, distribute, sell and supply electricity to residential and business customers in Saskatchewan was transferred from the Saskatchewan Power Commission to Saskatchewan Power Corporation on February 1, 1949. Under its new structure, Saskatchewan Power Corporation (SPC) had a board of directors appointed by government, with the Minister-in-Charge as its chairman. The board appointed J.W. Tomlinson as the first general manager. Tomlinson's role was to serve as the corporation's chief executive officer at its headquarters in Regina. Reporting to the general manager were department heads of Power Production; Engineering; Financial; and Commercial, along with a secretary/legal advisor and a public relations director. By 1951, additional departments included Line Construction and Operating and by 1954, additional executive positions included gas development engineer; operating superintendent supply manager; and engineer in charge of construction.

In the first fifteen months, Government passed two additional pieces of legislation to further clarify the work of SPC. The Rural Electrification Act, 1949, assented to April 2, 1949, guided the corporation's mission to expand the electrical grid throughout rural Saskatchewan. The Power Corporation Act, 1950, assented to April 8, 1950, outlined the responsibilities of the corporation. In 1950, SPC also developed interdependent programs to redevelop and extend a low-voltage system across the province and to develop new higher-voltage transmission systems, thus eliminating the need for smaller, less efficient plants. As well, SPC was designated in 1951 as the provincial authority to handle the distribution of natural gas. Development in the production and supply of power to oil fields and potash mines also increased the corporation's reach to its business customers. Throughout the 1950s, the corporation's infrastructure expanded with the construction and expansion of plants in Saskatoon, Estevan, Prince Albert, North Battleford, Swift Current and Unity. Field offices with district operators were also established during this period to serve the needs of rural customers throughout Saskatchewan.

J.W. Tomlinson served as general manager until his resignation on November 30, 1954. W.B. Clipsham was appointed acting general manager until September 1955 when David Cass-Beggs was appointed as general manager. In the months following his appointment, a major reorganization took place within the management of the corporation. Three functional divisions were created: Engineering; Operations; and Administration. Assistant general managers were appointed for each division, and personnel and public relations directors fell under the responsibility of the Administration Division. A further reorganization of the Administration Division was done in 1959, with all research, planning and administrative control functions brought together to form the Planning and Administrative Controls Division. This division also included functions such as finance and public and employee relations. In 1960, a revision to the organizational structure of the Engineering division (or Group as it was now known) took place. Functional areas of electrical design, mechanical design, and electrical construction were re-grouped into separate divisions, and an additional division was created for system planning. David Cass-Beggs remained as general manager until mid-1964 when W.B. Clipsham was once again appointed acting general manager.

The rural electrification program initiated in 1949 was completed in 1961. Under this program, 62,200 rural customers were hooked up to SPC's electrical service. Infrastructure projects during this period included the construction of new power plants in La Ronge in 1959 and near Estevan in 1960, and the opening of a new corporate headquarters in Regina in 1963.

In March 1965, D.B. Furlong was appointed general manager. Furlong oversaw a major reorganization later that year wherein functions of the Gas and Electrical systems were operationally separated into their own entities. This reorganization was aimed at reducing overlap of management between the functional areas. Further reorganizations took place in 1967 when the Electric system was divided into five areas, each with its own manager, and in 1968 when the Gas system was divided into north and south zones. Each zone had a manager and its own headquarters (Saskatoon and Regina). In keeping with the focus on better corporate efficiency, SPC saw a fifteen percent reduction in staff from 1964 to 1969. As well, in an effort to better meet customer service needs, a decentralization initiative to increase the number of employees in rural service centres took place in the 1970s. In Regina, a research and development division was created in 1972. D.B. Furlong held the position of general manager until his resignation in May 1970. R.R. Keith was first appointed acting general manager upon Furlong's departure, and was later appointed general manager. He served as such until the appointment of F.G. Ursel on March 1, 1976.

In 1969, SPC formed a subsidiary, North-Sask Electric Ltd., to serve the electrical needs of northern Saskatchewan. Based in La Ronge, North-Sask Electric Ltd. had its own board of directors and assumed all assets of SPC in the North. SPC also incorporated Many Islands Pipelines (Canada) Ltd. in 1972 as a subsidiary to purchase and operate a gas transmission line between Unity and the gas fields near Provost, Alberta. During the late-1960s and 1970s, completed infrastructure construction and expansion projects included the Success Power Station near Swift Current, the Coteau Creek Hydroelectric Station near Elbow and at Boundary Dam Power Station near Estevan.

Another major corporate reorganization occurred in 1980. The new corporate structure was based on the need to strengthen internal capabilities while improving relations with external groups. New functional groups were created or realigned to accommodate key themes such as environmental protection, energy supply and conservation, and public participation. The reorganization also saw the replacement of the title of general manager with that of president to identify the chief executive officer of the corporation. Corporate executives that reported to the president were now given titles of vice-president based on their functional role. F.G. Ursel remained with SPC as president until December 1980. Presidents succeeding Ursel were R.H. Moncur (1981), E.B. Campbell (1982-1987), and George D. Hill (1987-1991). Hill was the first president to have chief executive officer (CEO) added to his title.

North-Sask Electric Ltd. was consolidated into the corporation on December 31, 1987. Infrastructure growth continued in the 1980s with the redevelopment of the former Regina Power Plant into a research and development facility, and with expansion of the Poplar River plant near Coronach and the E.B. Campbell Hydro Station at Nipawin. As well, an amendment to The Power Corporation Act on November 6, 1987 recognized the name SaskPower as a legally accepted abbreviation of Saskatchewan Power Corporation (S.S. 1986-87-88, c. 52).

Operations in the electrical and natural gas divisions of SaskPower were formally separated on June 1, 1988 with the establishment of Saskatchewan Energy Corporation (SaskEnergy). The two corporations were formally and financially separated on December 31, 1989. Except for the removal of natural gas operations, the organizational structure of SaskPower remained similar. In 1993, the executive consisted of the president and CEO, an executive vice-president of Corporate Affairs, and vice-presidents of: Major Projects and Facility Enhancements; Finance; Energy Supply and Facilities Planning; Human Resources; Production and Transmission; Operations; and Customer Services.

In the early 1990s, SaskPower formed three subsidiaries with the establishment of Power Greenhouses Inc. (1991), the purchase of Channel Lake Petroleum Limited (1993) and the launch of SaskPower Commercial - later renamed SaskPower International Ltd. (1994). These subsidiaries were looked at as a means to broaden SaskPower's profile beyond Saskatchewan's borders, and to focus on the corporation's goals for environmental sustainability. Channel Lake Petroleum Limited was sold to Direct Energy Marketing Ltd. in 1997. Another major project of this period, the Shand Power Station, commissioned in 1992. It included the only wetland in North America that was designed to supply cooling water to a power station. It was also the site of the Shand Greenhouse (formally known as Power Greenhouses Inc.) which grows and distributes plant seedlings in an effort to offset the environmental impact of electricity production.

Another major corporate reorganization occurred in 1995 with the formation of four business units and two support groups. The business units were Power Production; System Operations and Decision Support; Transmission and Distribution; and Customer Services. The two support groups were Corporate and Business Services Group, which was comprised of human resources; administration; legal; audit; communications; and public affairs departments and Finance Group, which was comprised of financial reporting; information systems; debt and pension management; corporate business planning; and financial analysis departments. This reorganization was aimed at increasing accountability and performance and encouraging a more decentralized attitude to respond to customer service. A further corporate realignment in February 1999 saw departments within the Systems Operations and Decision Support Unit integrated with the remaining units. Information Systems became a separate entity which reported directly to the president. John R. Messer served as president and CEO from 1991 to March 1998 and Kelly E. Staudt as acting president and CEO from March 1998 to February 1999.

By 2000, SaskPower was structured into three business units (Power Production; Transmission and Distribution; and Customer Services) and five corporate groups (Corporate and Financial Services; Corporate Information and Technology; Corporate Planning and Regulatory Affairs; Human Resources; and President's Office.) While the number of corporate groups fluctuated, the corporate structure has remained intact since the 2000 reorganization. Those appointed president and CEO through the 2000s include John Wright (1999 to 2004); Patricia Youzwa (2004 to January 2010); Garner Mitchell (acting) (January to August 2010); and Robert Watson (since August 2010).

SaskPower formed its wholly-owned subsidiary North Point Energy Solutions Inc. in 2001 to meet the requirements of the Open Access Transmission Tariff (OATT) that mandated a separation of the transmission and wholesale marketing functions of the corporation. Between 2000 and 2010, infrastructure expansion projects were completed at the Queen Elizabeth Power Station in Saskatoon; the Poplar River Power Station; the Boundary Dam Power Station; the Nipawin Hydroelectric Station; and the Shand Power Station. As well, the Centennial Wind Power Facility began operation near Rush Lake in 2005, and the Yellowhead Power Station in North Battleford in 2010.

Currently (2011) SaskPower operates three coal-fired power stations, seven hydroelectric stations, five natural gas stations, and two wind facilities with a mission to provide safe, reliable and sustainable power for its customers. Its corporate headquarters remains in Regina, with Robert Watson serving as president and CEO.

Saskatchewan Securities Commission

  • Primary Agency

From about 1988 to 2003 this agency was called Saskatchewan Securities Commission (Director, Bill Wheatley, Calder Hart, Chairman, Marcel de la Gorgendiere). In 2003, the province’s financial services regulators were merged into a single agency - Saskatchewan Financial Services Commission, and Dave Wild was Director, Dean Murrison, Legal. The SSC function was moved to the Securities Division of the new agency. In 2012 changes were made again to make this agency an independent agency of the Treasury Board, and the name of the agency changed to Financial and Consumer Affairs Authority of Saskatchewan, Dean Murrison, Director.

Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Power Commission

  • GA 104
  • Primary Agency
  • 1929-1959

The Saskatchewan Power Resources Commission was appointed on January 7, 1927 to inquire and report upon the economic practicability of generating power at central power plants and water power sites in the province and the distribution of power throughout the province. Within the Commission's terms of reference, twelve specific questions were presented to the Commission. Responses to these questions laid the framework for how electric power would be generated, sold, supplied, distributed and regulated in the province of Saskatchewan. The Commission presented its final report on July 12, 1928.

Based on the recommendations of the Saskatchewan Power Resources Commission, the Saskatchewan Power Commission was established under The Power Commission Act, 1929, assented to January 18, 1929. Its mandate was to manufacture, distribute, sell and supply electricity to residential and business customers in Saskatchewan. It also acted as a regulatory body to supervise the operations of private utility companies, and to establish and operate a power system under public ownership.

Louis Augustus Thornton was appointed commissioner of the Saskatchewan Power Commission on January 25, 1929. An office was opened in Regina on February 11, 1929 for Thornton and a small staff including Samuel R. Parker (engineer) and Arthur Hayworth (secretary and legal advisor). The Commission was responsible for the administration of The Power Commission Act, 1929 as well as The Electrical Licensing Act, 1929. It also assumed responsibility for files of the Department of Railways, Labour and Industries that were relative to work of the Commission.

In its infancy, the Commission pursued the purchase of privately-owned power companies and municipally-owned plants. By 1931, it had acquired fourteen plants and was serving 120 centres throughout the province. The depression of the 1930s slowed the Commission's growth and expansion, and only necessary work was done to maintain the infrastructure already in place. However, as the decade ended, an improved economic situation, coupled with war-related contracts from the National Department of Transport and National Defence, proved profitable for the Commission. The Commission purchased more small power companies and renewed expansion of its network to provide more affordable and efficient power services to its customers. L.A. Thornton was succeeded by H.F. Berry as commissioner in 1945.

Under the Crown Corporations Act, 1947, the Saskatchewan Power Commission was converted to the Saskatchewan Power Corporation on February 1, 1949 (O.C. 188/49, amended by O.C. 297/49). Henceforth, the Saskatchewan Power Commission existed purely as a small, governmental body to regulate power production in jurisdictions within Saskatchewan not administered by the Saskatchewan Power Corporation. H.L. Berry resigned as commissioner, but sat on the board of directors of the Saskatchewan Power Corporation until 1950.

On April 14, 1959, section 8 of an Act to amend The Local Government Board Act (S.S. 1959, c. 97) repealed The Power Commission Act, 1929 and the Local Government Board assumed jurisdiction over all orders and consents made or granted by the Saskatchewan Power Commission.

Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission

  • GA 1
  • Primary Agency
  • 1972-

The Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission was established in 1972, and five people were appointed by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council to serve five-year terms as Commissioners. The head office, located in Saskatoon, was opened in early 1973. Branch offices were opened in Regina in June of 1974, and in Prince Albert in October of 1974.

The Commission's mandate initially stated it was to administer equality and anti-discrimination legislation in Saskatchewan in the areas of housing, employment, employment applications and advertisements, public accommodation and education on the grounds of race, creed, religion, colour, sex, nationality or place of origin. In addition, the Commission also championed anti-discrimination education and awareness campaigns.

The Commission was charged with the responsibility for investigating complaints. Complaints were separated into formal and informal. A commission officer investigated alleged complaints of discrimination by interviewing witnesses and examining documentation. However, if a resolution was not reached at this informal stage, the Commission would then hold a formal inquiry into the complaint. If the complaint was proven, the defendant could be ordered to pay restitution to the complainant. Appeals to commission orders could be filed in the Court of Queen's Bench.

The Saskatchewan Human Rights Code was enacted as legislation effective 7 August 1979. Part One of the Code enshrined the fundamental rights of citizens in Saskatchewan protecting "the right to freedom of conscience, religion, expression, and association, the right to vote in provincial elections and the right to freedom from arbitrary arrest or detention". Part Two prohibits "discriminatory policies and practices in employment, education, public services, housing, contracts, publications, professional association and trade unions". The Act made it illegal to discriminate in any of the outlined areas, expanding on the 1972 definitions, on the basis of "age, ancestry, race or colour, family status, marital status, nationality or place of origin, physical or mental disability, receipt of public assistance, religion or creed, sex (covers sexual harassment and pregnancy discrimination) and sexual orientation". The Commission was further empowered to approve and encourage equity programs. In addition, the education and awareness programs were strengthened in the Code to further the principles of equality and diversity.

Due to budget constraints the Prince Albert office was closed in 1986. However, the 2000 annual report indicated that the Chief Commissioner was concerned that northern residents were not being adequately represented and met with community leaders, along with the Provincial Ombudsman and the Children's Advocate, to understand what the residents of the north need in terms of support from the Commission.

In May 2000 a bill was introduced to amend the Saskatchewan Human Rights Code. The amendments were the result of a survey conducted in 1996 entitled Renewing the Vision - Human Rights in Saskatchewan. The intention was to streamline the complaint process and change some of the terms of discrimination and create a human rights tribunal panel to enforce the provisions of the code.

The Commission continues to be busy at both the Saskatoon and Regina offices. As definitions of rights and freedoms continue to evolve, the Commission has a vital role in the lives of the citizens of Saskatchewan.

The Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission reports to the Minister of Justice.

Saskatchewan. Board of Highway Commissioners

  • GA 70
  • Primary Agency
  • 1912-1917

The Board of Highway Commissioners was established in 1912 with the passing of the Public Highways Act (S.S. 1912, sec.5, s.s. 6). The Board was given the responsibility to lay out, plan and determine a system of public highways for the province. A.J. McPherson was appointed chair of the Board. The Board had jurisdiction over three branches: the Accountant's Branch, the Highways Branch and the Bridges Branch and had an operating budget of $1,600,000. Initially, money for construction and/or improvement of highways was extended to municipalities at a rate of not more than $5,000 per year for each municipality.

Prior to the formation of the Board of Highway Commissioners, when Saskatchewan became a province in 1905, highways fell under the jurisdiction of the newly formed Department of Public Works. A.J. McPherson was the first Superintendent of Highways and administered an annual budget of $90,617.49 distributed between two branches; the Constructive Branch and the Educative Branch. Local foremen were employed to perform road construction and maintenance. The following year, 1906, the Department prepared a manual of instruction to ensure uniform performance of duties throughout the province.

The Board of Commissioners was disbanded in 1917 when the Department of Highways was created.

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